Answers to six common questions about cancer

Dr. Bone's Cancer Quiz:

1. What is the most common kind of cancer worldwide?

The most common cancer worldwide is lung cancer, causing over 1.2 million deaths each year. While 85 percent of the patients with lung cancer are or were smokers, more and more lung cancer is occurring that is unrelated to smoking.

In developing countries where smoking is more common and pollution is not as well regulated as in the United States, the incidence of lung cancer is rising.

2. Which cancer is considered the most curable?

Many cancers are curable at an early stage. Skin cancers, breast cancer, testicular cancer, and prostate cancer all have excellent prognoses when detected early. Skin cancer is easy to detect and treat if you are having regular skin checks. This has earned it the reputation of most curable.

3. Which causes more deaths in the United States: cancer or heart attack and stroke?

Though they are neck-and-neck, the combination of heart disease and stroke causes more deaths than cancer in the U.S., according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

4. Which cancers are most preventable?

Lung cancer is highly preventable by avoiding smoking. Having regular colonoscopies should reduce the diagnosis of colon cancer dramatically because precancerous growths can be removed before they turn into cancer. Cervical cancer, a major worldwide risk in developing countries, could be reduced dramatically by the HPV vaccine and by implementation of global screening for this sexually transmitted virus.

5. What percentage of cancer is probably preventable?

A full 3 percent of cancer could be prevented by not smoking, eating fruits and vegetables, and maintaining a normal body weight through regular vigorous physical activity. Unfortunately there are many socioeconomic barriers to attaining these goals.

6. What is the biggest risk factor for cancer?

Tobacco smoking is the highest risk for cancer.

These answers may seem obvious, but I was amazed at the number of people who thought that breast cancer was the most common and most deadly worldwide. We take it for granted that people all over the world know the dangers of cigarette-smoking, but data show that people living in other countries are unaware of the health hazards of smoking.

Few people realized how rare some cancers are in the U.S. For example, there are only about 11,000 cases of cervical cancer diagnosed in the U.S. annually, but this cancer is a leading cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa. Again, lack of effective public health education about the risks of HPV along with lack of easy access to health care, pose an enormous obstacle to prevention, early diagnosis and virtual elimination of this cancer.
I used to think cancer was an equal-opportunity disease, but I am beginning to see that it isn't. Members of the lowest socioeconomic class are more likely to get cancer and to die of it. A large portion of the population worldwide can't afford fruits and vegetables, let alone organic ones. They survive on a starch staple like rice. If they eat vegetables, they are not a variety of bright-colored ones, but rather whatever they can afford. Regular exercise is a luxury; millions of people who work 16- to 18-hour days just to eke out an existence will never jog or go to the gym. For those of us naive enough to think that poverty alone was bad, now we have to add susceptibility to cancer to really appreciate how fortunate we are.

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